Perspective of Fulfilling The Social Needs of Children Affected to The Mountain Semeru Eruption: Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36858/jkds.v12i2.692Keywords:
social needs, children, eruption, semeruAbstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country located at the confluence of four tectonic plates and there are volcanic arcs along the islands of Sumatra-Java-Nusa Tenggara-Sulawesi. This condition causes Indonesia to be in a condition prone to natural disasters, especially volcanic eruptions. Disasters have a more serious impact on vulnerable groups. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect research data. Researchers collected demographic data at the research stage and then conducted direct interviews with research informants through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion. A total of 24 participants were involved in this study which were taken using purposive sampling. The research was conducted on preschool and school aged children (3-12 years) who were affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru in Lumajang Regency, Indonesia. The Mount Semeru eruption disaster resulted in psychological problems in children because peer separation, behavior, and borderline personality disorder have been widely reported in volcanic eruption disasters. Good social support is an important aspect in the process of recovering children after a disaster. Rapid life changes encourage parents to adapt immediately to meet the needs of children.
References
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Nishihara, M., Nakamura, Y., Fuchimukai, T., & Ohnishi, M. (2018). Factors associated with social support in child-rearing among mothers in post-disaster communities. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 23(1), 1–13.
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Oe, M., Maeda, M., Ohira, T., Itagaki, S., Harigane, M., Suzuki, Y., Yabe, H., Yasumura, S., Kamiya, K., & Ohto, H. (2018). Trajectories of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems in children after nuclear disaster: Evidence from the fukushima health management survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010082
Olness, K. (2022). Children’s mental health at times of disasters: a narrative review. Pediatric Medicine, 5. https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-20-85
Pfefferbaum, B., Jacobs, A. K., Houston, J. B., & Griffin, N. (2015). Children’s disaster reactions: the influence of family and social factors. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(7), 1–6.
Qiang, Y., Huang, Q., & Xu, J. (2020). Observing community resilience from space: Using nighttime lights to model economic disturbance and recovery pattern in natural disaster. Sustainable Cities and Society, 57(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102115
Ribeiro, K. G., de Andrade, L. O. M., de Aguiar, J. B., Moreira, A. E. M. M., & Frota, A. C. (2018). Education and health in a region under social vulnerability situation: Breakthroughs and challenges for public policies. Interface: Communication, Health, Education, 22, 1387–1398. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-57622017.0419
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Sumasto, H., Suparji, Wisnu, N. T., Ngestiningrum, A. H., Setiawan, Sugito, B. H., & Najib, M. (2019). Trauma healing during the earthquake disaster emergency response phase in Lombok, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 13(4), 1745–1748. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00562.0
UNICEF. (2019). Community-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies. United Nations Children’s Fund.
Bakic, H., & Ajdukovic, D. (2019). Stability and change post-disaster: dynamic relations between individual, interpersonal and community resources and psychosocial functioning. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1614821
Bhadra, S. (2016). Psycho-Social Support for Protection of Children in Disasters. Child Safety, Welfare and Well-Being: Issues and Challenges. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2425-9
BNPB. (2020). Three Volcanoes in Indonesia Still Level III. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana.
BNPB. (2021). Potensi Ancaman Bencana. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana.
Bothe, D. A., Olness, K. N., & Reyes, C. (2018). Overview of Children and Disasters. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(8), 652–662. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000600
Codreanu, T. A., Celenza, A., & Jacobs, I. (2014). Does disaster education of teenagers translate into better survival knowledge, knowledge of skills, and adaptive behavioral change? A systematic literature review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 29(6), 629–642.
Cohen, E., & Gadassi, R. (2018). The Function of Play for Coping and Therapy with Children Exposed to Disasters and Political Violence. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0895-x
Crowley, J. (2021). Social Vulnerability Factors and Reported Post-Disaster Needs in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00315-5
Cui, K., & Han, Z. (2019). Association between disaster experience and quality of life: the mediating role of disaster risk perception. Quality of Life Research, 28(2), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-2011-4
Dyregrov, A., Yule, W., & Olff, M. (2018). Children and natural disasters. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1500823), 1–3.
Efendi, F., Indarwati, R., Aurizki, G. E., Susanti, I. A., & Fajar Maulana, A. E. (2022). Policymakers’ Perspectives on Responding to the Elderly’s Mental Health Needs in Post-Disaster Situations. Journal of Public Health Research, 11(1), jphr-2021.
Graneheim, U. ., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001
Inoue, Y., Stickley, A., Yazawa, A., Aida, J., Kawachi, I., Kondo, K., & Fujiwara, T. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences, exposure to a natural disaster and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796017000233
Kar, N. (2009). Psychological impact of disasters on children: review of assessment and interventions. World Journal of Pediatrics, 5(1), 5–11.
Kessel, E. M., Nelson, B. D., Finsaas, M., Kujawa, A., Meyer, A., Bromet, E., Carlson, G. A., Hajcak, G., Kotov, R., & Klein, D. N. (2019). Parenting style moderates the effects of exposure to natural disaster-related stress on the neural development of reactivity to threat and reward in children. Development and Psychopathology, 31(4), 1589–1598. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001347
Kılıç, N., & Şimşek, N. (2019). The effects of psychological first aid training on disaster preparedness perception and self-efficacy. Nurse Education Today, 83, 104203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104203
Knez, I., Butler, A., Ode Sang, Ångman, E., Sarlöv-Herlin, I., & Åkerskog, A. (2018). Before and after a natural disaster: Disruption in emotion component of place-identity and wellbeing. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 55, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.11.002
Kuriansky, J. (2019). A Model Psychosocial Support Training and Workshop during a Medical Mission for Syrian Refugee Children in Jordan: Techniques, Lessons Learned and Recommendations. Ournal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 18(4), 352–366.
Kürüm Varolgüneş, F. (2021). Post-disaster permanent housing: the case of the 2003 Bingöl earthquake in Turkey. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 30(2), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-09-2019-0307
Lai, B. S., La Greca, A. M., Colgan, C. A., Herge, W., Chan, S., Medzhitova, J., Short, M., & Auslander, B. (2020). Sleep problems and posttraumatic stress: Children exposed to a natural disaster. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 45(9), 1016–1026. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa061
Lai, B. S., Osborne, M. C., Piscitello, J., Self-Brown, S., & Kelley, M. Lou. (2018). The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(sup2). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1450042
Lowe, S., McGrath, J., Young, M., Kwok, R., Engel, L., Galea, S., & Sandler, D. (2018). Cumulative Disaster Exposure and Mental and Physical Health Symptoms Among a Large Sample of Residents of the U.S. Gulf Coast Residents. Physiology & Behavior, 176(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22392.Cumulative
Myles, P., Swenshon, S., Haase, K., Szeles, T., Jung, C., Jacobi, F., & Rath, B. (2018). A comparative analysis of psychological trauma experienced by children and young adults in two scenarios: evacuation after a natural disaster vs forced migration to escape armed conflict. Public Health, 158, 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.012
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2
Nishihara, M., Nakamura, Y., Fuchimukai, T., & Ohnishi, M. (2018). Factors associated with social support in child-rearing among mothers in post-disaster communities. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 23(1), 1–13.
OCHA. (2021a). Indonesia: Semeru Volcano - Dec 2021. Relief Web: The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
OCHA. (2021b). Indonesia - Mount Semeru Volcanic Eruption (BNPB, UNDRR Asia-Pacific, AHA, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 05 December 2021). Relief Web: The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
Oe, M., Maeda, M., Ohira, T., Itagaki, S., Harigane, M., Suzuki, Y., Yabe, H., Yasumura, S., Kamiya, K., & Ohto, H. (2018). Trajectories of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems in children after nuclear disaster: Evidence from the fukushima health management survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010082
Olness, K. (2022). Children’s mental health at times of disasters: a narrative review. Pediatric Medicine, 5. https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-20-85
Pfefferbaum, B., Jacobs, A. K., Houston, J. B., & Griffin, N. (2015). Children’s disaster reactions: the influence of family and social factors. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(7), 1–6.
Qiang, Y., Huang, Q., & Xu, J. (2020). Observing community resilience from space: Using nighttime lights to model economic disturbance and recovery pattern in natural disaster. Sustainable Cities and Society, 57(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102115
Ribeiro, K. G., de Andrade, L. O. M., de Aguiar, J. B., Moreira, A. E. M. M., & Frota, A. C. (2018). Education and health in a region under social vulnerability situation: Breakthroughs and challenges for public policies. Interface: Communication, Health, Education, 22, 1387–1398. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-57622017.0419
Rouhanizadeh, B., Kermanshachi, S., & Nipa, T. J. (2020). Exploratory analysis of barriers to effective post-disaster recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50(December 2019), 101735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101735
Sumasto, H., Suparji, Wisnu, N. T., Ngestiningrum, A. H., Setiawan, Sugito, B. H., & Najib, M. (2019). Trauma healing during the earthquake disaster emergency response phase in Lombok, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 13(4), 1745–1748. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00562.0
UNICEF. (2019). Community-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies. United Nations Children’s Fund.
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